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Hone Page
Andrew Jackson
Amendment VII
In
Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty
dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be
preserved, and
no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of
the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.
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Income Tax Not Legal
Here is the reason:
The ratification required by at least
36 states -- three-fourths of the 48 states then in existence -- has to be
identical to the amendment passed by Congress. Benson cites federal
documents affirming that for state approval to be acceptable, neither
words nor punctuation can be changed. And the states may not violate their
own state constitutions in ratifying the amendment. Of the 48 states,
here's the story: Eight states (Rhode
Island, Utah, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Kentucky, Florida, Virginia and
Pennsylvania) did not approve or ratify the amendment.
Texas
and Louisiana were forbidden by their own state constitutions to empower
the federal government to tax.
Vermont
and Massachusetts rejected the amendment with a recorded vote count, and
only later declared it passed without a recorded vote after the amendment
was declared ratified by Knox.
Tennessee,
Ohio, Mississippi, California and Washington violated their state
constitutions in their ratification procedures.
Minnesota
did not send any copy of its resolution to Knox, let alone a signed and
sealed one, as required.
And
Oklahoma,
Georgia and Illinois made unacceptable changes in wording. (Some of the
above states also made such changes, in addition to their other
unacceptable procedures.)
Take 48 states, deduct these 21, and
you have proper ratification by only 27 states -- far less than the
required 36.
The ratification required by at least
36 states -- three-fourths of the 48 states then in existence -- has to be
identical to the amendment passed by Congress. Benson cites federal
documents affirming that for state approval to be acceptable, neither
words nor punctuation can be changed. And the states may not violate their
own state constitutions in ratifying the amendment.
Of the 48 states, here's the story:
Eight states (Rhode
Island, Utah, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Kentucky, Florida, Virginia and
Pennsylvania) did not approve or ratify the amendment.
Texas
and Louisiana were forbidden by their own state constitutions to empower
the federal government to tax.
Vermont
and Massachusetts rejected the amendment with a recorded vote count, and
only later declared it passed without a recorded vote after the amendment
was declared ratified by Knox.
Tennessee,
Ohio, Mississippi, California and Washington violated their state
constitutions in their ratification procedures.
Minnesota
did not send any copy of its resolution to Knox, let alone a signed and
sealed one, as required.
And
Oklahoma,
Georgia and Illinois made unacceptable changes in wording. (Some of the
above states also made such changes, in addition
And Oklahoma, Georgia and
Illinois made
unacceptable changes in wording. (Some of the above states also made such
changes, in addition to their other unacceptable procedures.)
Take 48 states, deduct these 21, and
you have proper ratification by only 27 states -- far less than the
required 36. |
